TLDR; The latest security update for windows 10 is failing en masse and Microsofts only fix is to shrink your main partition and resize the recovery partition.

And, as usual, a super helpful error message that immediately gives you a hint where to start looking: online, on Google, and pray that someone somewhere had the same problem and for some reason there is some guy in the replies that knows what the actual issue is and how to solve it.

But you might as well just be an outlier and everything you find is threads from twelve years ago where some completely unrelated problem had exactly the same error code.